OS: FreeBSD 13
Shell: csh
% freebsd-version
13.0-RELEASE-p5
% ps $$
PID TT STAT TIME COMMAND
6287 2 Ss 0:00.09 -csh (csh)
% printf %s\\n "$SHELL"
/bin/csh
% fetch \
https://master.dl.sourceforge.net/project/yest/yest/2.7.0.7/yest-2.7.0.7.tgz
% tar xf yest-2.7.0.7.tgz
% ls -lh
total 22
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 2.1K Jul 27 2014 README-2.7.0.7
-rw-r--r-- 1 dusko dusko 50K Jul 27 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.c
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 8.4K Jul 27 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.man1
-rw-r--r-- 1 dusko dusko 17K Jul 28 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.tgz
% cc yest-2.7.0.7.c
% ls -lhrt
total 59
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 8.4K Jul 27 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.man1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 2.1K Jul 27 2014 README-2.7.0.7
-rw-r--r-- 1 dusko dusko 50K Jul 27 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 dusko dusko 17K Jul 28 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.tgz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 50K Dec 13 18:23 a.out
% ./a.out
13/12/2021
% rm -i a.out
remove a.out? y
% cc -o yest yest-2.7.0.7.c
% ls -lhrt
total 59
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 8.4K Jul 27 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.man1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 2.1K Jul 27 2014 README-2.7.0.7
-rw-r--r-- 1 dusko dusko 50K Jul 27 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 dusko dusko 17K Jul 28 2014 yest-2.7.0.7.tgz
-rwxr-xr-x 1 dusko dusko 50K Dec 13 18:24 yest
% ./yest -3h
13/12/2021-15:24
Compiling X (aka X11, aka Xorg) Programs
$ fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/leahneukirchen/xlossage/e09a0750d735ce
6e173f33c7912fd6245bd055cd/xlossage.c
First Try
$ cc -O2 -Wall -o xlossage xlossage.c -lX11 -lXi -g
xlossage.c:35:10: fatal error: 'X11/Xlib.h' file not found
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
^~~~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Is the X11 library really missing from the system?
$ pkg info --regex libX11
libX11-1.7.2,1
$ pkg info --regex --full libX11 | grep Name
Name : libX11
$ pkg info --regex --full libX11 | grep Comment
Comment : X11 library
No, so where are the libX11 files located?
$ pkg query "%Fp" libX11 | wc -l
1038
$ pkg query "%Fp" libX11
/usr/local/include/X11/ImUtil.h
/usr/local/include/X11/XKBlib.h
/usr/local/include/X11/Xcms.h
/usr/local/include/X11/Xlib-xcb.h
/usr/local/include/X11/Xlib.h
/usr/local/include/X11/XlibConf.h
---- snip ----
/usr/local/lib/X11/XErrorDB
/usr/local/lib/X11/Xcms.txt
/usr/local/lib/X11/locale/C/Compose
/usr/local/lib/X11/locale/C/XI18N_OBJS
/usr/local/lib/X11/locale/C/XLC_LOCALE
---- snip ----
Second Try and The Fix
Added the location of the X11 library by using the -I option:
“Add the specified directory to the search path for include files.”
$ cc -O2 -Wall -I/usr/local/include -o xlossage xlossage.c -lX11 -lXi -g
ld: error: unable to find library -lX11
ld: error: unable to find library -lXi
cc: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
$ pkg info --regex libXi
libXi-1.8,1
libXinerama-1.1.4_2,1
$ pkg info --regex libXi-
libXi-1.8,1
$ pkg info --regex --full libXi- | grep Name
Name : libXi
$ pkg info --regex --full libXi- | grep Comment
Comment : X Input extension library
Where are the libXi (X Input extension library) files located?
$ pkg query "%Fp" libXi | wc -l
84
$ pkg query "%Fp" libXi
/usr/local/include/X11/extensions/XInput.h
/usr/local/include/X11/extensions/XInput2.h
/usr/local/lib/libXi.a
---- snip ----
Use the -L option to add directory to library search path.
$ cc -O2 -Wall -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib \
-o xlossage xlossage.c -lX11 -lXi -g
$ file xlossage
xlossage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (FreeBSD), dynamically li
nked, interpreter /libexec/ld-elf.so.1, for FreeBSD 13.1, FreeBSD-style, with de
bug_info, not stripped
$ ./xlossage
Another Way
Another way would be to use the application’s Makefile.
$ fetch https://raw.githubusercontent.com/leahneukirchen/xlossage/e09a0750d735ce
6e173f33c7912fd6245bd055cd/Makefile
$ cat Makefile
CFLAGS=-O2 -Wall -g `pkg-config --cflags x11 xi`
LDFLAGS=`pkg-config --libs x11 xi`
all: xlossage
clean:
rm -f xlossage
Run make(1).
$ make
cc -O2 -Wall -g `pkg-config --cflags x11 xi` `pkg-config --libs x11 xi` xlossage
.c -o xlossage
$ file xlossage
xlossage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (FreeBSD), dynamically li
nked, interpreter /libexec/ld-elf.so.1, for FreeBSD 13.1, FreeBSD-style, with de
bug_info, not stripped
$ ./xlossage
If you want to remove the executable:
$ make clean